Thursday, December 26, 2019
Analysis Of The Poem Beowulf - 3700 Words
James Quimby Mrs. Morris AP English 2 September 2014 Summer Reading Assignment Beowulf 1. This epic poem is one of the first works composed in the English language. It also tells us about the Anglo-Saxon people who lived in England and their culture. What values did these people support? What ideals did they try to live by? How do their values compare to our values today? Try to find similarities between our culture and this ancient culture. Use examples from text to support your points. The Anglo-Saxon people in England at this time followed the Germanic heroic code which values courage, loyalty, and strength in the people of the time. They also tried to uphold ideals of hospitality, generosity, and the importance of tradition. The values of society today seem to be twisted in comparison. People value other’s opinion of them more than their own; they value wealth and power but not the honorable means of attaining it. â€Å"And a young prince must be prudent like that, giving freely while his father lives so that afterwards in age when fighting starts steadfast companions will stand by him and hold the line. Behavior that’s admired is the path to power among people everywhere.†(20–25) This quote outlines the values of generosity that a king should have in order to maintain the support of his people and his allies. This loyalty could then be called upon in the king’s time of need. Our society today is very different from that found in Beowulf; however as humans many of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Beowulf 851 Words  | 4 Pagesoffers literary analysis of Beowulf, the oldest epic poem that has survived in English literature. It is also widely known as the earliest surviving piece of literatures in vernacular European Literature. The language of this poem is Old English, spoken by Saxon people. This poem depicts a traditional story that is a part of oral Germanic tradition. As per experts, this is work of a single poet and was composed in then England. It has been determined by the scholars that this poem was written betweenRead MorePoem Analysis : Beowulf 1619 Words  | 7 PagesBen Sparrow Ms. Finkelstein Honors English IV September 5, 2015 Beowulf is renowned as the oldest poem written in the English language, thought to be written over 1500 years ago this epic poem is still being heavily studied and compared to modern literature regularly. The protagonist, named Beowulf is a great warrior whose called to defend the Danes from the vicious attack of many monsters. Many would label this call to action as the start of his hero’s journey, although it isn’t an ancient conceptRead MorePoem Analysis : Beowulf 906 Words  | 4 PagesKaleigh Della Grotta Ms. Murphy British Literature .2A Period C September 26, 2017 Beowulf Creative Writing Assignment Speech Honoring Beowulf I, Hrothgar, King of the Danes, built this mead hall to show everyone that Herot is the best mead hall to ever be created. Herot is a place for us to have celebrations where we eat, drink, and listen to poems shared all evening long. For countless nights Herot was your home where you would all fall fast asleep. As nights went on and things started toRead More An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Characterization of Beowulf1918 Words  | 8 PagesCharacterization of Beowulf          The dialogue, action and motivation revolve about the characters in the poem (Abrams 32-33). It is the purpose of this essay to demonstrate the types of characters present in the anonymously written Anglo-Saxon poem, Beowulf - whether static or dynamic, whether flat or round, and whether protrayed through showing or telling.  At the very outset of the poem the reader is introduced, through â€Å"telling†by the scop, to Scyld Scefing, forefatherRead More An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Social Codes in Beowulf910 Words  | 4 PagesSocial Codes in Beowulf                                                             In reading Beowulf, one cannot help noticing the abundance of references to weapons and armor throughout the text. Many passages involving weapons and armor contain important messages that the author is trying to convey. These passages involve the choice to use or refrain from using arms, the practice of disarming oneself upon entering anothers home, and the idea of a mans worth being measured by his weaponsRead More An Analysis of the Arguably Unified Poem, Beowulf Essay example2971 Words  | 12 PagesAn Analysis of the Arguably Unified Poem, Beowulf Beowulf as a less than unified work, more important for its historical and philological content than its literary merit, and critics after him regard Beowulf as a unified work of art. For example, of the critics who discuss the poem as a whole in An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism, most agree pace Tolkien that Beowulf is a unified poem, even if they argue so on different grounds. Burton Raffels introduction to his own translation offers aRead MoreAn Analysis of Grendel Based on the Classic Poem Beowulf922 Words  | 4 PagesGrendel based on classic poem Beowulf in which there is three main characters the mother the dragon and the Grendel. Not only Grendel but other two characters too represent alien world evils. Grendel is analyzed here to assess if he is man, monster or a notion. THESIS STATEMENT Is Grendel a man, monster or a notion? THE FIGHT WITH GRENDEL The idea of Grendel is based on a poem Beowulf. The story revolves around the fight between good and evil in the life. Beowulf was the hero who faced threeRead More An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Anglo-Saxon Customs and Values Reflected in Beowulf1791 Words  | 8 PagesAnglo-Saxon Customs and Values Reflected in Beowulf      Readers today approach the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf with cultural preconceptions very different from those expressed by the author of this poem. This essay hopes to enlighten the modern reader regarding the customs and values from the time of the poem’s composition.   Beowulf makes reference to Ingeld and his wife and the coming Heathobard feud:                                                             inRead MoreHistorical Analysis Of Of Beowulf s Poem, Beowulf, Sir Gawain, King Arthur And Other Legends918 Words  | 4 PagesAnglo-Saxon monsters and takes us on a journey to a time where writers try to tackle modern problems. Along the way we come across characters such as Beowulf, Sir Gawain, King Arthur and other legends who remain a vital part of popular culture. History offers us a variety of heroes and legends that we can read and learn about. The historical poem of Beowulf not only reveals to us the importance cultural values of the warrior society, but also the importance of literature. The warrior culture at thisRead MoreBeowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1740 Words  | 7 PagesBeowulf The original poem, Beowulf, goes back to the Anglo-Saxon period in c. 650 and c.1100. Authors translated Beowulf many times in the Anglo-Saxon period to present day. It displays how a hero should be in the real world. He helps the people in the village and slays monsters. Everyone in the village looks up to him as he acts as if he were a role model. Beowulf, the protagonist in the translated Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, is a hero of his village, stands for bravery, strong will, and nobleness
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
A Report On Healthcare Prediction - 2196 Words
Healthcare Prediction in 2020 - What kind of future is waiting? 1.What we know today and estimate about tomorrow 1.1.Average life expectancy in OECD countries in 2012 was 80 years, an increase of 5 years since 1990. Japan has the highest at 84, with UK 81 and US 79,China 75 and India 66 years[i]. 1.2.Meet the over 65s: by 2018 they will number some 580 million – 10% of the global population – or one in every: ?4 Japanese ?5 Western Europeans ?10 Chinese[ii] 1.3.Developed markets remain the main spenders on healthcare – 77% of global spend in 2014. Developing markets are forecast to increase their share from23% in 2014 to 32% by 2020[iii]. 1.4.The number of people with diabetes globally is 382 million, around 1 in 4 areChinese. There are more diabetes in China than the combined populations ofGermany and Portugal. 1.5.Growth in average annual healthcare spending 2014 – 2018 is expected to range from 2.4% in Western Europe to 4.9% in North America; and from8.1% in Asia and Australia to 8.7% in the Middle East and Africa. 1.6.Total global pharmaceutical spending is expected to increase by 6.9% a year from USD 1.23 trillion in 2014 to USD 1.61 trillion in 2018. Oncology is expected to remain the main contributor among therapeutic areas. 1.7.Generics will take larger share of total global medicine spend, increasing from27% (USD 261 billion) in 2012 to 36% (USD 421 billion) by 2017[iv]. 1.8.Med tech industry sales are expected to increase from USD 363.8 billion in 2013 to USDShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Business And Clinical Intelligence Essay1236 Words  | 5 Pagesin the U.S. Provider Market Prerana Dave’ Abstract Healthcare environment is growing exponentially. Health care industry is incredibly complex and data management can be overwhelming. A business intelligence platform is required to guide the BI approach and handling of the massive amount of data that is being generated. Executives and analysts were spending hours in designing and development of reports and charts and how to integrate information flowing from various sourcesRead MoreThe Future Of Business And Clinical Intelligence Essay1423 Words  | 6 PagesClinical Intelligence in the U.S. Provider Market_ Prerana Dave’ Abstract Healthcare environment is growing exponentially. Health care industry is incredibly complex and data management can be overwhelming. A business intelligence platform is required to guide the BI approach and handling of the massive amount of data that is being generated. Executives and analysts were spending hours in designing and development of reports and charts and how to integrate information flowing from various sourcesRead MoreM A In 2018 Case Analysis720 Words  | 3 Pagesdeal sizes are hanging on – it’s been the seller’s market. So, what are the predictions for 2018? The MA climate in 2017 has witnessed challenges in capital deployment. While the availability of capital is at record-breaking levels, the industry is stifled with heightened valuations and competition. Deal flow has been constrained and led to limited number of deals with impressive deal valuation. Baker McKenzie’s report from 2018 predicted the global MA to peak this year in developed markets,Read MoreQuestions on Emergency Preparation717 Words  | 3 Pagesforecasting department because of the element of inaccuracy in the weather predictions. This notion should change within the society in order to enhance protection of individuals from adverse effects of weather. The population needs to heed to the warnings by the department of weather prediction to minimize devastation of events such as the Sandy storm in the future. What needs improvement? Accuracy of the prediction needs to improvement. The department of weather forecasting should adopt andRead MoreAnalyzing the Effective Growth of Population in Alberta1354 Words  | 6 Pagesimportant role for the community growth. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effective growth of population in Alberta. Firstly, the report will focus on changes in population in twentieth first century. Secondly, research paper will demonstrate the importance of health in the inhabitant’s growth in this province. Finally, it will observe predictions on population expansion in Alberta for the next hundred years. Demographic Situation Change First of all, one of the significant analysesRead MoreImpact Of Technology And Economy On Ehealth And Future Predictions1495 Words  | 6 PagesImpact of Technology and Economy on Ehealth and Future Predictions In-person visits to physicians in the future will decrease thanks to the growth of emerging technology, which helps patients review their health records electronically sometimes called Electronic Health or E-health (1). According to the study conducted by John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, more than 70 percent physicians were making use of electronic records compare to 10 percent a decade ago (1). This is mainly becauseRead MoreImpact Of Technology And Economy On Ehealth And Future Predictions1495 Words  | 6 PagesImpact of Technology and Economy on Ehealth and Future Predictions In-person visits to physicians in the future will decrease thanks to the growth of emerging technology, which helps patients review their health records electronically sometimes called Electronic Health or E-health (1). According to the study conducted by John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, more than 70 percent physicians were making use of electronic records compare to 10 percent a decade ago (1). This is mainly becauseRead MoreEhr Can Be Used Towards Meaningful Use Essay1627 Words  | 7 PagesData Analytics Abstract This report outlines how data from EHR can be used towards Meaningful Use (MU), Big Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Advanced Computing for better healthcare decision making process. Will try to understand EHR’s ability to integrate with other systems and tools for data sharing/mining and how this is transforming into better care management. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) MU EHR incentive program have provided the much needed â€Å"push†Read MoreBenenden National Health Case Study948 Words  | 4 Pagesfinances regarding healthcare, however, there are numerous economic and moral implications of this belief that this essay will explore. In 2015/16, NHS expenditure surged to  £117,229 bn with a rising prediction of  £120,611bn in 2016/17 (NHS Confederation, 2016). A major proportion of the expenditure is designated for tackling poor health problems - a consequence of drinking, smoking and poor diet costing the NHS more t han  £11bn a year (BBC News, 2016). Rising demand for healthcare accompanied by aRead MoreInterview With Chief Financial Officer Essay894 Words  | 4 Pageswith Chief Financial Officer Carolinas Healthcare System is a large not for profit health care system, with over 40 hospitals across 900 locations in North and South Carolina. Carolinas Healthcare Pineville is one of the acute hospitals within this large organization (CHS, n.d.). It takes integration, coordination and planning to operate a profitable facility in this current climate. P. Hiltz contributes to this coordination and planning for Carolinas Healthcare Pineville. During an interview conducted
Monday, December 9, 2019
Civil Disobedience Martin Luther King David Thorea Essay Example For Students
Civil Disobedience Martin Luther King David Thorea Essay u LA riot Civil Disobedience On April 29, 1992, the City of Los Angeles was surrounded in a riot in response to the not guilty verdicts in the trial of four white Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers accused of unlawfully beating Rodney King. Six days later, when the fires were finally extinguished and the smoke had cleared, estimates of the material damage done vary between about $800 million and $1 billion, 54 people had been killed, more than 2000 injured, in excess of 800 structures were burned, and about 10,000 people were arrested.(Khalifah 89) The 1992 riots in the City of Los Angeles were arguably the most devastating civil disturbance in the history of the United States. Anyone can say that a law is unfair and unjust. However, who is really willing to accept the consequences for going against this law? Is breaking this law really worth the punishment? The government is the one to decide whether a law is reasonable, but what if a member of the public believes that a law is not? Should he rebel against this law? Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. answered yes to this question and believed that one should speak out against an injustice. They both believed that government had many flaws. They shared many beliefs in the same subjects concerning Civil Disobedience but had many different views on how the government should work and how the citizen should be treated by society. Civil disobedience can turn into civil disturbance. When a white truck driver, Reginald Denny, was dragged from his vehicle and severely beaten by an angry mob. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Thoreau believed that one should act out against an unjust law by means of peaceful protest. Therefore both King and Thoreau would not support the rebels violent behavior of the LA riots. If one is going to openly express his ideas of disagreeing with an unjust law, he must be willing to accept the consequences. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Thoreau demonstrated this acceptance of consequences by going to jail without repercussion. This shows that they truly believed in the eradication of such a law that forces them to do something that they do not want to do. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested for gathering with others to protest peacefully, which the police claimed was unlawful, because they were parading without a permit. Martin Luther King Jr. peacefully went to the county jail and served his time. Thoreau was arrested for not paying a tax, a tax that put a fee on voting. Thoreau also peacefully served his time. Both men knew the consequences for their actions yet went along and committed the crime. Their crimes were not vengeful or harmful against a living soul. While LA Riot often been characterized as a race riot, involving mass law-breaking, including looting and arson. The riot was as much about empty bellies and broken hearts as it was about police batons and Rodney King.(97 Davis) However, their crimes were statements stating that the government cannot make anyone goes against his or her beliefs. Martin Luther King and Henry David Thoreau both believed that one should stand up for what he believes in, as wells as accepting the consequences for his actions. Even though they also had different views about what makes law just or unjust. First of all, Martin Luther King believed that a law that is just should be square with the moral law or the law of God.(____) This basically means a law should pertain to the Ten Commandments according to the bible. He also thought an unjust law was one that was inflicted on to a minority who did not even have the right to vote for this law in the first place.(____) Thoreau is basically rallying for the absence of government in the lives of the citizens. He believed that everyone should govern himself. .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 , .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .postImageUrl , .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 , .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40:hover , .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40:visited , .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40:active { border:0!important; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40:active , .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40 .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43f846c33f86c8edd6ede51db4faad40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Renaissance Armor Essay He also believed that no one should have to ride on the shoulders of the government, but instead rely on himself.(____) He thought people should treat other people the way they wanted to be treated, and follow the natural laws of society. Martin Luther King Jr. .
Monday, December 2, 2019
WATER OF HYDRATION Essay Example For Students
WATER OF HYDRATION Essay Objective: To determine experimentally the water of hydration for the hydrate Borax. Theory: In this experiment, we examined and found the water of hydration of the hydrate borax. Borax is derived from the element Boron, which is a metalloid chemical element with properties between those of carbon and aluminum(95CI). Boron is relatively rare, constituting only 3 PPM of the Earths crust(95CI). It is most commonly found in the borate minerals borax, and kernite(95CI). Borax is also otherwise known as a hydrated salt. First, let me describe exactly what a salt is. Salts are compounds composed of a metal ion plus a nonmetal ion(86BC85). Some examples of this would be NaCl, AgBr, and FePO4 . Salts may also be composed of a polyatomic ion which has a positive oxidation number(94CP159). Now I will define hydrated salts. They are salts that combine with water to form crystalline compounds called hydrates(93CL357). In other words, water becomes part of the salt crystal. Water + Certain compou nds - Hydrates In hydrates, water appears to be held in loose combination with the associated compound(93CL357). This is shown by the ease in which hydrates give up water on heating or in a dry atmosphere. The water in combination with a hydrate is always in a definite proportion by weight(86BC85). This is shown to us in the formulas for hydrates. An example of this would be the formula for Borax, which is: Na2 B4 O7 . 10H2O. The centered dot between the formula for the salt and the formula for the water is not a decimal point, nor does it mean to multiply. It is simply a way of showing that there is a bond between the salt and the water(93CL357). When such salts are heated, this bond is usually broken, and the water is driven off(93CL357). For example: Na2 B4 O7 . 10H2O - Na2 B4 O7 + 10H2O In each of these compounds, there is a definite amount of water attached to the salt crystal(93CL357). To simplify matters, we may say that in Na2 B4 O7 . 10H2O, for example, there are 10 water molecules for every 1 molecule of hydrated salt. Using this information, we will now try to find the water of hydration. This process however, contains many thought provoking steps. The first thing you must do in order to find the water of hydration is find the molecular weight of the anhydrous form of the salt you will be working with. The anhydrous form of the salt contains no water. Molecular weight is found by adding up the atomic weights of the elements in the compound. The following shows an example of the molecular weight of borax: Na2 B4 O7 . 10H2O. We will write a custom essay on WATER OF HYDRATION specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Elements # Atoms Atomic Weight Molecular Weight Na 2 23 46 amu B 4 11 44 amu O 17 16 272 amu H 20 1 + 20 amu 382 amuIn this example, you can see that weve multiplied the number of atoms of each element by its coefficients. In water, for example, you can see that there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. However, there is a coefficient of 10 before it. When you multiply this coefficient of 10 to the number of atoms of each element you will get 10 for oxygen and 20 for hydrogen. We got a total of 17 for the oxygen only because we had to add the number of atoms from the salt, which was 7. After repeating this same procedure for each element, we got a total of 46 atomic mass units(amu) for the sodium, 44 amus for boron, 272 amus for oxygen, and 20 amus for Hydrogen. After adding all the elements atomic weights together, we got a total of 382 amus. This number is the atomic weight of the Borax. You now must begin the weighing of the hydrate and other materials involved such as papers and test tubes your working with. After weighing, you may start heating the hydrate to begin the process of finding the water of hydration. However, it is important to make accurate measurements and to record them correctly. In measuring, you must compare what your measuring to some calibrated device. Whether it is a meter stick, a scale, or a graduated cylinder, you must apply the same rules. By comparing the object your working with, to the different graduation marks on your calibrated device, you can come up with the correct measurements with the correct amount of significant figures. The number of significant figures in a quantity is the number of digits that are known accurately, plus the first uncertain digit or the estimated number. Once youve found the molecular weight and weighed the chemicals properly, you may proceed with the heating process as directed. When your heati! ng, it is very important to make sure that youve driven all the water of hydration from the compound(9 3CL357). This is called heating to constant weight(93CL357). When finished heating, we represented the data as follows: HEAT MX . nH2O - MX + nH2O Hydrate anhydrous water salt In this equation, MX . nH20 represents the weight of the hydrated salt in grams. After heating, the bond breaks between the salt and the water, leaving MX + nH20(59CA168). Now, MX represents the weight of the anhydrous salt and, n represents the number of molecules per water molecule of the hydrated salt(59CA168). This leaves the H20, which represents the grams of water the hydrated salt lost during the heating, otherwise known as the water of hydration(59CA168). .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 , .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .postImageUrl , .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 , .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81:hover , .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81:visited , .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81:active { border:0!important; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81:active , .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81 .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a7a1de2ad98bdbffbb2ea836a35bc81:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jean Valjean was an alluring hero of Les Miserable EssayIn this lab, you must abide by many safety precautions in order to avoid harming yourself or someone else around you. Goggles and Aprons must be worn at all times to avoid damage to your eyes or skin. Borax is also a very harmful substance, so you must never handle it with your hands or any other part of the body. You also must be sure that while heating, your workspace is free from papers or other flammable substances. Acting like a professional in the lab is mandatory in order to ensure a safe environment for you and your classmates. Raw Data: See sheet labeled: Raw Data #2 Sample Calculations: Does not apply Results: Several results were found during this lab that I felt were relevant in finding the water of hydration for the hydrate, Borax. One such result was the weight of amt. of borax we were using, which we found to be .44 gms. This answer came about by subtracting the weight of the test tube which was 12.76 gms. From the weight of the test tube and the hydrated salt which was 13.20 gms. Another result found was the weight of the anhydrous salt( .20 gms.). We found this answer by subtracting the weight of the test tube which weighed 12.76 gms. From the weight of the test tube and the anhydrous salt which weighed 12.96 gms. We then found the weight driven from the borax, which was .24 gms. This answer which was stated the weight driven from borax is also known as the water of hydration. Conclusion: Finally, this brings us to our conclusion. We found that the water of hydration of the hydrate borax was .24 gm s. This answer was obtained by subtracting the weight of the anhydrous salt(contains no water) which was .20 gms. from the weight of the hydrated salt(contains water) which was .44 gms. The water of hydration was found this way because after the hydrated salt (which contains water) was heated, all the water was driven out, giving us an anhydrous salt, which contains no water. By subtracting the two, you can see how much water escaped the salt, which indeed is the water of hydration. Although a conclusion was made, there were still errors that may have greatly faltered it. During the procedure, a series of heatings were performed on the hydrate Borax. It was to be heated for 10 min. then left to cool for 15 min. It would then be weighed. You would then repeat this same procedure directly after one another. However, because the end of the period was near, we werent able to reheat directly after the cooling period. This caused the hydrate to be exposed to the air for over one week befo re we could work with it again. Therefore, because the hydrate was left to cool for such long periods, water may have entered or escaped, not letting us reach its constant weight. This is a great error indeed, assuming that the whole point was to get the hydrate to its constant weight. If it wasnt at its constant weight, this could have greatly faltered the weight of the anhydrous salt and more importantly the water of hydration. REFERENCE PAGE(95CI) Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia. Dragonfly Software, 1995. CD-ROM (94CP159) Peters and Kowerski. Introduction to Chemical Principals. Sounders Publishing. Philadelphia: 1994. (93CL357) Reger, Wenier, and Gilkerson. Experimentation and Analysis in the Chemistry Laboratory. Saunders Collage Publishing. Philadelphia: 1993. (86BC85) Cohen, Paul S. Basic Chemistry. Allyn and Bacon Publishing. Newton: 1986(59CA168) Francis, Charlotte A. Fundamentals of Chemistry and Applications. The Macmillan Company. New York: 1959.
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
9 People You Need In Your Life Right Now
9 People You Need In Your Life Right Now You want to be great? You’d better start surrounding yourself with great people. ASAP. Whether this is mentors, or pals, or teammates, the idea is the same- great people attract other great people. And, most importantly, they all attract greatness. Make sure your personal network is great so you can be too. Find yourself a few types from this list and you’ll be well on your way:1. The Kind and Loyal FriendDon’t underestimate the selfless person who is always willing to lend a hand when you need one most. This person is going to root for your success, not just their own. And if they see you need something, or they notice your potential, they’ll go out of their way to help you. They’ll also be your constant cheerleader.2. The Strategist/PlannerThis is a great person to have around if you’re not particularly strategy-minded yourself. Find someone who knows you and knows what you want to help you figure out how to get there when you feel like you are floundering around for answers- someone who will give you seasoned advice and help you make a game plan that you’ll actually follow through with.3. The CoachEverybody needs somebody in their corner, particularly someone who will also call you on your crap and push you to do better than you are doing. Someone older and wiser who can help you figure out how to solve problems for yourself in the long run.4. The MentorA mentor is less psychologically important than the coach, but much more instrumentally important. Pick someone with experience and success in the field you want to work in. Learn from them. The better you do, the better they will feel about their mentoring skills. Everybody wins!5. The ChallengerYes men are everywhere. You need people on Team You. But you also need people who remain agnostic about how well you do at any given thing and are willing to tell you the hard truths or force you to confront a problem from a different angle or look at a situation in a different way. Find yourself a devil’s advocate who will scrutinize your ideas and plans honestly, without feeling like they’re going to hurt your feelings.6. The EnergizerFind someone who pumps you up! Whenever you are down or enervated or just plain uninspired, know who to turn to. It could be one person, or a group of people, or everyone in your life. Just find a way to recharge your inspiration batteries on the quick.7. The Real FriendEveryone needs someone they can go to when they don’t have it in them to act or impress or be on their guard. Find someone you can just be real with. Then find more. This can be your partner, or your pals, or your family, or, preferably, all of the above.8. The ConnectorConnectors are exceedingly rare but unbelievably helpful. They long to meet people, root for them and connect them to other people. These are people with a deep network who know someone for any possible need. Find this person and never displease them! They can e asily be the key to your success.9. The OptimistYou really need to know someone like this if you tend to lean toward cynicism or pessimism. Find someone who can help you see the silver lining, even in the direst situations. Think of this person as your moral flashlight out of the dark caves of despair!
Saturday, November 23, 2019
How to Study for the New 2016 SAT
How to Study for the New 2016 SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You might have heard that College Board released a new version of the SAT in 2016. So what should you do if you want to prepare for this version of the SAT but are mainly familiar with the old version? And do you really have to throw out all of your "old SAT" study materials? We will go through the SAT section by section and note key differences between the old and new SAT. Next, we will explain how to prep for the new SAT based on those differences. We will point out places that you can still use old prep materials to prepare for the new SAT and also point you toward other free study resources online. We will also link extensively to our SAT study guides throughout this post to give you more targeted advice by section. Big Format Changes on the Redesigned 2016 SAT The SAT still has its three main sections – Reading, Writing, and Math – but the reading and writing scores are now combined for one score out of 800, rather than being scored separately. That means that the math section is now weighted more heavily on the SAT. It's now very important to get a strong math score to get a good overall composite score. Also, answers now have four choices instead of five. This doesn’t mean the test is easier – having fewer answer choices just means you’re less likely to get an answer choice that’s very easy to eliminate. If you want to read a complete breakdown of differences between the old and new SAT, check out our post on the subject. In this post, we’ll summarize important differences but focus on giving study tips. SAT Reading Study Guide Key Differences All questions on the redesigned SAT Reading section are based on passages with set topics. There are two history/social science passages, one US or world literature passage, and two science passages. On the old SAT, the questions often came from these categories but the topics were not predetermined. There is also more emphasis on defining vocabulary in context, understanding and using evidence, making logical arguments, and using scientific reasoning on the new SAT. The new SAT doesn't have vocabulary in isolation questions – more commonly known as sentence completion questions. The emphasis is now on defining vocabulary in context. New Questions There are two main types of new reading questions. Evidence Support:These questions come in sets of two. The first asks a question about the passage, and the second question asks you where in the passage you got your evidence for the first question. Via College Board's Test Specifications for the Redesigned SAT. Data Reasoning: These questions have you interpret graphs or charts and say which fact they best support or least support. You don't need to be a science or data expert to get these questions right, but you need to be able to read and interpret graphs and charts. How to Study For the old SAT, knowing vocabulary was crucial to doing well. It’s still important to know vocabulary for the redesigned SAT, but you will have context clues to help you. So in addition to studying vocabulary words, you should also practice doing advanced reading and test your ability to define tough words based on their context. Your first place to head for SAT Reading practice is the source: the College Board website. They've posteda number of free new SAT practice tests. Start there to get a sense of what the new SAT Reading section is like. Still have old SAT prep books sitting around? You can use old SAT Critical Reading questions to practice, but focus on the passage-based questionsand ignore the sentence-completion questions. ACT Reading section questions will also be helpful, as they are all passage-based and contain vocabulary in context as well as logical progression questions. Another unlikely but helpful source is ACT Science questions. Yes, science! ACT Science also has you break down charts, graphs, and evidence. If you can do well on ACT Science, you will be able to do well on the new SAT data reasoning questions. The new data reasoning questions (â€Å"this chart most supports the following argument?†) are actually phrased very similarly to the LSAT logical reasoning questions. Although the LSAT questions are trickier since you are interpreting a paragraph or argument and not a chart, if you’re worried about data reasoning, you could challenge yourself with LSAT logical reasoning questions. Check out some sample questions over the Law School Admissions Council website. In addition to studying with practice questions and sections, make an effort to read widely – think books as well as publications like The New York Times, The Economist, The New Yorker, Wired, etc. The more challenging articles you can read, the better you can become at defining new words in context, and the more prepared you’ll be for the science and social science passages in particular. Want a bit more structure for vocabulary in context? One of my favorite tools for learning vocabulary in context is a browser app called ProfessorWord. The app scans whichever page you are currently reading online and pulls out all the ACT/SAT words, with definitions. This article alone has about a dozen SAT vocabulary words, according to ProfessorWord. Pretty nifty, huh? SAT Writing Study Guide Key Differences The writing section is quite different on the new SAT. There is more emphasis on logic and expression of ideas, higher-level writing skills, and punctuation. Furthermore, all questions are passage-based – this is quite different from the old SAT, which had you correct a sentence or two in isolation. This means that there are fewer grammar rules tested in isolation, which in turn means fewer "gotcha" questions on the new SAT Writing section. However, being aware of writing style, construction, and organization is more important, since you will now be working with longer passages. How to Study It’s still important to know English grammar rules to do well on this section. Start your studying by learning English grammar rules by heart. Then give the SAT's official practice tests a try. In terms of additional practice questions, we recommend you use ACT English practice questions, as these are all passage-based, like the new SAT Writing questions are. You can also use old SAT Writing multiple-choice questions to test your grammar rule knowledge, but remember to be ready for passages. Finally, the more you read and write, the better you will get at spotting writing organization and style naturally. Make sure to read something academic or challenging every day, even if it’s just for class! New SAT Essay Study Guide Key Differences The essay score is now completely separate from the writing score. This means that, similar to the ACT, your essay score won’t affect your overall composite, but it will still be visible to colleges, so it’s as important as ever to do well. The essay is now 50 minutes long instead of 25. While you have more time to write, you have a much more specific task, so don’t assume the new essay is easier! You have to analyze how an author builds an argument in a passage (the passage will be part of the prompt). So you have to read the passage and write about it analytically during that 50-minute period. You’re no longer coming up with your own evidence with examples – this question is much more focused on your ability to deconstruct an argument and explain how it works. How To Study As we've mentioned, you should check out College Board's new SAT practice tests first to see real examples of the new SAT essay. But if you run through all of thepractice tests and want more free resources, there is another great source of practice you can use. The new SAT essay is very similar to the AP English Language and Composition Free Response question two. Via College Board's AP English Language and Composition page. If you happen to be taking AP English Language, your studying for that AP test will help you prepare for the new SAT essay. But even if you’re not taking AP English Language, you can use past free response questions for practice. Remember to find question two for each old AP English Language test. Keep in mind as you practice that your goal for the essay is to explain what the argument is and how the author argues for it. Remember not to show personal bias – this isn’t about your opinion, it’s just about how the author builds their argument. You can use a standard five-paragraph essay format if you like, but don't feel pressured to stick to it if you don't find that style helpful. Focus on making your writing clear and concise, and using evidence from the passage. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! SAT Math Study Guide Key Differences The math section has been changed the least for the new SAT, but there are changes you should be aware of as you start studying. There are now some multi-step problems, a section you can’t use a calculator on, a few questions on basic trigonometry, emphasis on data and graphics interpretation, solving equations, algebra, and realistic scenarios as prompts for questions. There is less geometry focused on shapes, and fewer abstract questions. How To Study This is the section that is the least dramatically changed, so the old study principles for SAT Math are still in place. First, find out your weak spots, whether they’re in content (struggling with geometry) or in practice (you tend to make small mistakes and miss problems). Next, drill your weak spots with targeted practice problems until they’re no longer liabilities. As you practice, we recommend using a notebook to keep track of the mistakes you make and why you make them. This will make it easier for you to zero in on your thought processes and figure out why you make mistakes, which will make it easier to fix them. You can use old SAT Math questions, but ACT Math practice questions will also work, especially if you’re worried about trigonometry. It’s best to study with a mix of both to be ready for the new SAT. Also, practice both with and without a calculator. You might find that you are relying on the calculator for tasks you don’t actually need it for. Remember on the SAT you should be minimizing calculator use anyway, even if you’re on a calculator-approved section. (Read a discussion about the best calculators for the SAT.) Final Advice Since the redesigned SAT is getting more similar to the ACT, you might consider riding out the change by taking the ACT instead. Its format hasn’t changed, and there are plenty of existing resources for studying for the ACT. At the very least, take an ACT practice test and see how you do. If it seems considerably more manageable for you than the SAT (based on old SAT questions), it might be worth it to just study for the ACT instead. Either way, definitely work ACT practice questions into your studying for the new SAT. The tests are getting similar, so use that fact to your advantage. If nothing else, you can save money on test prep materials! What’s Next? Read detailed breakdowns of the new SAT sections: math, critical reading, writing, and the essay. Understanding the new SAT is the first step to doing well on it. Curious about the ACT? Learn the key differences between the ACT and old SAT, and how the ACT is scored. If you’re thinking about taking the ACT instead, try taking a free practice test to see how you do. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Photography Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Photography Career - Essay Example This market is abroad and it will depend on a photographer on which sector to work. He or she should decide whether to take photos for magazines. This an amazing career because one is able to travel a lot and he or she is able to explore the world. He is also able to intermingle with people from different parts of the world. Also the financial rewards attached to photography is that they have highly paid careers as compared to others. It also has created opportunities associated with it. A photographer need to do a range of things, such as speculation, cards , books, stock photography and personal projects. This market in this modern world is so wide is no the same as it used to be. It is so vital for a photographer to have good business intelligence in order to succeed. One needs to keep a daily job schedule , look for a market for his or her work and also employ your career and marketing wants. Photographers should research on the market needs and demands, they will do this by verifying the actual needs of their targets. One should have broad categories to work on beyond travel photography where they may find new markets to suit their job. It depends on the type of individual for one to enjoy life as a travel photographer. He or she should make money out of it. They should be keen on observing and maintaining those special moments. Also in the current world it helps one to advance his skills on computers and technology. It also helps them to be able to balance enjoying work time and operating with people. An example of a noted international role model Chris Mclennan. He is from the south island of New Zealand though most of his time he spends on his travelling photographic jobs across the globe to serve his many clients. He has brought success of this industry image due to the expression of his skills. He is also a role model and mentor in this field. He is always willing to to share his expertise in
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Management of Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words
Management of Change - Assignment Example The organization ranked fifth in 2013 in the list of Forbes Global 2000. The organization is known as the biggest refineries in the world having 37 oil refineries distributed in 21 countries. It is biggest amongst the super major oil manufactures in the world with regular production of almost 3.921 million BOE. 1) Needs for Change The organization has weak employee management all over the world. It is one of the major concerning issues of the organization. The organization is facing various human rights and legal issues because of which its operations have slowed down to some extent. The oil spills and other environmental hazards have disrupted the efficient operations of the organization. There are cases of fraud and bribery in the global operations. The increasing government regulations are creating barriers in the business operations of the organization. This is an increasing threat of NGC. There exists high competition in the oil manufacturing industry. The organization has high threat from the big competitors in the industry. Among the big competitors of NGC are Royal Dutch Shell, BR, and Chevron. Hofstede Cultural Analysis It is a 5D model for exploring the culture of different nations. The cultural analysis of USA using this model has been given below: Power Distance: This dimension states that every individual in the society are not equal. It focuses on the inequalities among the individuals. The power distance can be defined as the extent till which less powerful individuals in a powerful country expect as well as accept that the power is always distributed unequally. United States scores low in this particular dimension. The country focuses on the equality of rights in every aspect of the American environment or society. In the organizations of this country, hierarchy is developed for the convenience. The superiors are always ready to help and the managers have high reliance on their teams and employees. The communication is participative, direct and very much informal. Individualism: This dimension mainly addresses to the issue about the extent of interdependence that the society maintains amongst all the members. An individualistic society is that society where individuals look after their direct family and themselves. On the other hand, a collectivist society is the one where the people belong to groups and take care of each other in exchange of the loyalty. United States possesses high individualistic culture. The individuals look after their direct families. The Americans are self reliant and do not depend on others for fulfilling their needs. Masculinity or Femininity: High score (Masculinity) is the dimension where the society is driven by success, competition, achievement and the success is defined by the winner or the individual best in any field. Low score (femininity) is the dimension where the society is very much caring for others as well as their quality of life. United States is considered to possess masculine dim ension. The Americans are success driven and they seek for achieving higher success. In the organizations, the Americans focus on attaining higher status or monetary rewards by making good
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Organizational culture Essay Example for Free
Organizational culture Essay For a company, organizational culture is very important because the culture is like something that the employee can be based for. In addition, the organizational culture is defined as a system of shared meaning and beliefs within an organization that determines, in a large degree, how employees act (Robbins, et al., 2003, p. 70). Founders of new organizations and managers play an important role in creating and maintaining organizational cultures. However, ethical organizational cultures are those in which ethical values and norms are emphasized. As Jones and George (2003, p. 350) argue that ethical organizational cultures can help organizations and their members behave in a socially responsible manner. Some might believe that if they do the ethical corporate culture, they will be able to get much profit. Meanwhile, Arnold and Lampe (1999, pp. 1-19, cited in Robbins, et al., p. 154) claim that the content and strength of an organizations culture also influences ethical behavior. Nevertheless, a strong culture will have a very powerful and positive influence on managers decisions to act ethically and unethically. whereas, in a weak organizational culture, managers are more likely to rely on subculture norms as a behavioral guide. Work groups and departmental standards will strongly influence ethical behaviour in organizations with weak overall cultures. Alongside with organizational culture, there are two more things that have strong correlation with it. The first one is ethics. Ethics is the code of moral principles and values that govern that behavior of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong (Robbins, et al., 2003, p. 150). The second thing that has strong correlation with culture is social responsibility. It is a managements obligation to make choices and take action that will contribute to the welfare and interest of society as well as to the interest of the organization (Robbins, et al., 2003, p. 138). Nevertheless, managers who have ethical behavior and social responsibility can build a good reputation for their company. As Donaldson and Werhane (1993, pp.249-254) argue that having a good reputation of a company can increase profit. In addition, Robbins (et al., 2003, pp. 161-165) defines social responsibility is an obligation, beyond that required by the law and economics, for a firm to pursue long-term goals that are good for society. However, social responsibility is the duty of manager to make decision consider with well-being of stakeholders and society. In fact, there are two main views of managements social responsibility, which are classical view and socioeconomic view (Robbins, 2003, p. 407). Additionally, classical view aims to maximize profits, whereas socioeconomic view is that social responsibility goes beyond the increasing profit to improve the welfare of society. It is very important that managers support and develop an ethical culture because employees more likely to act ethically if their leader work having an ethical role model (Jones, George, 2003, pp.101-103). Working ethically is a responsibility to the society. Nevertheless, this is very important as it can avoid harming stakeholders and also enhance the well-being of society as a whole. Stakeholders including employees, customers, suppliers, competitors, governments, media, union, communities, social and political action groups, etc (Robbins, et al., 2003, pp. 92-93). There are still some examples for the reference of socially responsible behavior such as providing training for workers, eliminating discrimination and reducing pollution (Robbins, et al., 2003, p. 407). Providing training for workers can enhance their skills and techniques for work and it can improve the productivity and efficiency. Workers will not be obsolete by the changes of technology so it benefits employees as well as the company (Tsang, 2003, p. 25). Social responsibility and economic growth is related sometimes. At first, the profit may be reduced by the costs of training workers, however, when the trained employees can work efficiently, the productivity will be increased followed by increasing profit at last. Eliminating discrimination is a social responsibility of managers. Some companies would like to employ a specific kind of person but not the others and cause inequality is known as discrimination. For instance, some companies would prefer employ a local student to an international student or they prefer employ man to woman (Pagan, 2000, p. 619). It is harm to firm if they refuse to employ some other races people since they can provide some new ideas to the company for reference. These new ideas may not be gained from local employers as foreigners have different culture from the local and they can offer some useful information from the other view for the decision making. This is why an organizational culture which has formally adopted a specific position, philosophy, or set of beliefs regarding the fundamental values or principles, is an important thing to be used as the basis for business decision making. Moreover, if managers keep labor Market discrimination, it would lead to society chaotic and harm the society. Therefore, managers should bear the social responsibility to reduce discrimination. Another point that supports an organization to become socially responsible is that when a company being socially responsible, which means that the company has long-term goals. Company should higher the quality of a product to benefit customers to provide a better quality of life (Samli, 1992, p.12). The real example about this is The Body Shop. Although The Body Shop is looking for the profit, they still very concern about the environment. They use goods that not give bad impact on the environment. The product that the body shop sells is more expensive than others because they use the materials that do not give bad impact to the environment. As a result, people still buy their product because people know that they choose the right product. More expensive but in their product, it cant be found anything that can damage their self and more important damage the environment. As we have seen, by being socially responsible, the firm can gain long-run profit and improve the companys public image (Davis, et al., 1988, p. 37). In short, it can be seen that being socially responsible and following ethical corporate culture is much more profitable. But, since not all the companies have ethical corporate culture, there are some policies or practices that can be worked to encourage it. Firstly, the company should provide some training for the new and current employee because with the training activities it will make all the employee know about the culture and can adapt with the organizations culture. Secondly, the company should punish the person who do not obey or perform appropriate with the culture and give respect to the person who perform and do the culture. With that punishment and respect the employee will think that obey the culture is important. Third, the leaders in the company have to do the culture, so the employee can follow the leader to do the culture. Senior management needs to zealous avoid any decision or action that could reasonably be expected to communicate selfish motive for imposing a n ethics philosophy, system, or measurement on employees (www.centeronline.org/knowledge/article.cfm?ID=2431). In conclusion, social responsibility is an important element for a company to success. Social responsibility brings company reputation followed by higher profit. Those firms having social responsibility can improve peoples quality of life and their health. It can also stable the society from chaotic. Therefore, managers should follow regulations and work ethically with the consideration of societys well-being. Briefly, if one company is concerned about the ethical corporate culture which means that the company and the employee know what is right and wrong and know how to behave in the company. Thus, in one company it is very important to have ethical corporate culture.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
William Tecumseh Sherman :: essays research papers
William Tecumseh Sherman was born on May 8, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio. He was educated at the U.S. Military Academy and later went on to become a Union General in the U.S. civil war. Sherman resigned from the army in 1853 and became a partner in a banking firm in San Francisco. He became the president of the Military College in Louisiana(now Louisiana state University) from 1859-1861. Sherman offered his services at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 and was put in command of a volunteer infantry regiment, becoming a brigadier general of volunteers after the first Battle of bull run. He led his division at the Battle of Shiloh and was then promoted to major general of volunteers. Soon after Sherman fought in the battle of Chattanooga he was made supreme commander of the armies in the west. Sherman fought many battles with such people as Ulysses S. Grant, and against people such as Robert E. Lee before he was commissioned lieutenant general of the regular army. Following Grants election to presidency he was promoted to the rank of full general and given command of the entire U.S. Army. William Sherman published his personal memoirs in 1875, retired in 1883, and died in 1891. William Tecumseh Sherman, as you have read, was a very talented and very successful man. He is remembered by many accomplishments, but probably most remembered by his famous March to the sea. Sherman's march to the sea was probably the most celebrated military action, in which about sixty thousand men marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the Atlantic ocean, then north through South Carolina destroying the last of the souths economic resources. Bedford Forrest was in Tennessee, and with Atlanta secured, Sherman dispatched George H. Thomas to Nashville to restore the order there. John B. Hood threatened Thomas's supply line, and for about a month, they both fought north of Atlanta. Sherman decided to do the complete opposite of what the strategic plan laid down by Grant six months earlier had proposed to do. In that plan Grant had insisted that Confederate armies were the first and foremost objectives for Union strategy. What Sherman decided now was that he would completely ignore the Confederate armies and go for the "spirit that sustained the Confederate nation itself", the homes, the property, the families, and the food of the Southern heartland. He would march for Savannah, Georgia and the seacoast, abandoning his own line of supply, and live off the land and harvests of the Georgia Country. Grant finally approved Sherman's plan, so Sherman set off on his march eastward, "smashing things to the sea." On November 15, 1864, Sherman began his
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
How Thomas presents war in As the Teamâs Head-Brass Essay
In the poem, Thomas makes quite a few references and allusions to war. He uses the nature and weather described in the poems as metaphors for various aspects of the war. The blizzard that is mentioned in the poem could be interpreted as a metaphor for either death or war. â€Å"In France they killed him; it was back in march, the very night of the blizzard, too.†He chose blizzard due to the nature of them, violent, and hard to see through, possibly a reference to the â€Å"Fog of war†. The elm tree can be interpreted as an allusion to the dead soldiers, which have been killed by the metaphorical blizzard, the fact that Thomas mentions that the friend was killed on the night of the blizzard reinforces this allusion, and he uses words that are normally associated with dead combatants, such as â€Å"fallen†to reinforce this idea. â€Å"By a woodpeckers round hole†this could be interpreted as a bullet wound adding to the interpretation that the elm tree represents a dead soldier, also the way he specifically mentions that it’s a woodpecker hole, instead of just a normal hole could be a reference to machine guns, which were said to sound like woodpeckers. The way he has described the way the elm tree has fallen also brings images of dead soldiers, he describes it â€Å"strewed†which gives the image of the tree being messily felled and destroyed, almost like it’s a corpse in the field that’s just been left there, like the way bodies were just left to rot in No Man’s Land. He alliteratively likens the war and weather â€Å"about the weather, next about the war†which are common themes in his poems, normally using weather as a metaphor for things such as war, rather than directly stating it. Another allusion to the war is what the plough is doing; it’s making trenches in the field, and these were everywhere in mainland Europe during the First World War, another trench allusion â€Å"screwed along the furrow till the brass flashed; once more†the flash could be a reference to the muzzle flash that was made by the occasional rifle that was shot over no man’s land. The way the â€Å"once more†was placed in its own line instead of the end of the sentence could be to reinforce the repetitiveness of it, which continues day in and day out. This poem has many things that are related to his other poems. His use of nature is one. However, the poem can be interpreted alternatively as a commentary on the effects of the war on the English countryside, and in general the destruction of the English countryside, which is a recurring theme throughout most of his poems. The effects of the war can be seen in the poem. The lone ploughman who has been left to tend to the fields by himself because his friend has been killed in the war, and can also be a comment by Thomas on how the ploughman is becoming rarer and rarer as the mechanization of agriculture is becoming much more widespread as time passes, especially during a time of war where all able bodied people were wanted to fight in the trenches. He uses black humour as a coping device â€Å"If I could spare an arm, I shouldn’t want to lose a leg, If I should lose my head, why, so, I should want nothing more†He doesn’t mind if he loses a limb because he still has to endure the pain of it all, but if he loses his head, which can be interpreted as either going insane (this was the first war in which psychological disorders caused by the war were widespread) or literally losing his head, he would not mind because he would not have to suffer the problems of the world any longer. His specific use of a plough, instead of the countless other farming tools that he could have used in the poem could be a biblical reference â€Å"they shall beat their swords into ploughshares†– Isaiah 2:4 he references this bible passage because it shows the connection that weapons of war have with tools that are meant to be used to cultivate the means to sustain life. In the poem there is a theme of continuity, the poem bookended with the lovers going into the forest, and ends with them coming back out. The whole theme of ploughs also contributes to this theme of continuity, as they are constantly just going round and round in the field. The way the poem is structured also plays with the theme of the plough, with most sentences ending mid line instead of at the end of the line, giving it a plough like shape. Another bit of continuity seen in the poem is the amount of syllables in a line, more or less every line in the poem has 10 syllables, and it also written in iambic pentameter.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
How effectively did the Soviet Union control Eastern Europe from 1945 to 1968?
In 1945, it was very important that Stalin gained control over his sphere of influence; WW2 had come to an end, and the future of the Soviet Union was at an unstable point. From 1945-8 Stalin used a series of ‘salami' tactics to gain control over the Eastern European countries. This would involve setting up communist parties within a country, winning a coalition government, and ultimately, taking over to run a full communist regime. This was effective in the sense that Stalin, in the space of three years, was able to takeover seven different countries. However, out of these, only one country – Albania – allowed the takeover without any opposition, the other countries gave more of a struggle. There was obviously some backlash against Stalin's actions, as they did not run smoothly, and this is why he probably had to use more severe tactics when trying to take control over Eastern Europe. In Bulgaria (1945), Stalin had all opposing party members executed, and was only then able to take full control. After this, Stalin had no problems gaining power over such countries – without further opposition, as the same techniques were used in Poland and Czechoslovakia two to three years later. This shows that Stalin did not want to give way to chance, seeing what would happen in each country gradually, by using the minimum force needed. He wanted to be sure of total control, and therefore used the necessary tactics to succeed – it appears that the most extreme were the most effective. Stalin was able to keep such a tight ‘following' due to the fear and propaganda that followed his infamous Red army. He had placed them within his sphere as a warning to the people. If they opposed, they would be dealt with by the Red Army through means of ‘re-education'. They kept an eye over the people, and crushed any sort of uprising. This would have been a deterrent enough for anybody looking to rebel against communism. This proved to be effective as there are no real incidences where the Red army have been called in to sort out a situation (apart from in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, but that was under different circumstances). When Stalin saw the lure of the Marshall Plan, he definitely felt under pressure to counteract this – coming up with Comecon 1949. This shows he was desperate, as firstly, this goes against communist views, as the idea was to send money to communist countries to aid them in their economic process. This was a bribe, nonetheless; but it worked. No countries already within the control of the Soviet Union left the sphere – if they were tempted by money, they could still have it, and Stalin would still have control. They only probably stayed with Stalin out of the fear of the consequences, and therefore this tactic was successful due to previous attempts of control, mainly because of the Red Army. Stalin finally dies in 1953, and Khrushchev takes over. He introduces a new relaxed policy, and looks to ‘de-Stalinise' Eastern Europe, hoping to promote better relations with the West. Subsequently, other countries within the sphere wanted a more liberal government, and started to rebel. This shows that Stalin himself, along with his attitude and thinking, was an effective way to keep control over Eastern Europe. he was not a liberal man, he insinuated fear and death throughout the people, who dared not oppose. Now that there is a more liberal leader in office, the people feel this is the opportunity they need to express their feelings. What Khrushchev may have done wrong, was to initiate an ‘instant' change, which could not be done on a large scale in regards to the whole of Eastern Europe at one given time. Stalin was effective in what he did, as he used gradual changes to implant his policy. 1953 also saw riots in Czechoslovakia, where people where burning Soviet flags and demolishing Stalin statues – this was an obvious attack on Soviet power. However, the riots were quickly put down by the Red army, but the consequences were not great ones, and therefore encouraged strikes in East Germany to occur. East Germans aired their grievances about wage cuts, but the Red army was called in to crush all uprising. 400 people were killed; Khrushchev was reverting back to Stalin's old methods, however people were not put off, as there are further problems in Hungary in 1956. Does this mean that the Red Army were no longer feared, or was there a change in attitude from the people? A level of both, most likely, but why? This leads back to Stalin and fear that he as an individual imposed on the countries. Khrushchev did not have that same effect, and from then on, people were more open to oppose him, knowing they could probably get away with a lot more. There was also a problem with East Germany, and how the collapse of it could have been crucial, in terms of ‘winning' the Cold War. Germany had been one of many significant factors in the Cold War, and a collapse in Germany would mean a collapse in Soviet power if the West were to reclaim it. This might have been a short term cause for the Warsaw Pact in 1955 – the Soviet's version of NATO – this not only gained support against the West, but also helped to unite a dividing sphere. This does not prove to be of any worth (at this time) as in the following year, Hungary has a revolution. There main aim was to get rid of Rakosi – a mini Stalin – through mass demonstrations, which later turned into street fighting. Oddly, Khrushchev introduces Nagy as the new leader of Hungary, instead of sending in the Red army. Was it now that he realised that the Red army did not have so much of an effect that it used to? This is the first time compromising had been used, but quickly backfired. Riots continued, and Nagy had declared Hungary would be leaving the Warsaw Pact. The S.U. was looking at losing control over one country, and sure enough, others would follow. The Soviets again, reverted back to trusted methods, calling in the Red Army to crush all uprising – killing Nagy in the process. The exact same happened with Czechoslovakia in 1968. It now seems that from 1945-68, there were times when the Soviet had complete control over Eastern Europe, and others, quite the opposite. Stalin had realised that in order to have control, he would have to use extreme tactics – the fear of the Red Army, propaganda etc. He also knew that with complete control, there was no edge way for choice or compromise with the people. This is where Khrushchev went wrong, expecting to have complete control when he gave individual countries more power. Knowing of such a relaxed attitude, the people then took advantage of this, and were no longer scared of the repercussions, as there is uprising after uprising under Khrushchev's rule. By the mid-50's effective control is on its way to becoming highly non-existent.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Find Out If You Should Wear a Brace with Tendinitis
Find Out If You Should Wear a Brace with Tendinitis Tendinitis is a condition where the tissue connecting the muscle to the bone becomes inflamed. This usually occurs when someone overuses or injures a tendon during a sport. The parts of the body most commonly affected include the elbow, wrist, finger, and thigh. How People Often Get Tendinitis Common types of tendinitis (also known as tendonitis) includes tennis or golfers elbow, De Quervains tenosynovitis, and swimmers shoulder. Tendinitis is most associated with older people, due to elasticity and weakness in age, as well as with adults who are active in sports. Tendinosis is similar to tendinitis but has chronic, long-term, and degenerative effects. Everyday activities that can cause tendinitis to come about may include household tasks like cleaning, gardening, painting, scrubbing, and shoveling. There are also more stagnant issues, like poor posture or stretching before activities, which can increase risk factors. Avoid Wearing a Brace for Tendinitis When dealing with tendinitis, limiting the repetitive stress is good but immobilizing the joint is bad. The worst is when you wear a brace and continue to use the joint thats suffering from tendinitis, as the injury needs rest. A brace is often used as a crutch, and much like walking on a sprained ankle, you will continue to injure the tendon. You should not use a brace or splint unless under the direction of a medical professional who is proficient in repetitive stress treatments. If you are treating your tendinitis yourself, however, follow the guidelines below. Support Your Tendinitis in an Alternative Way Use a brace only at times of rest, when you wont be tempted to overuse the injured joint. At other times, allow pain to be your guide: if it hurts, dont do it. Remember that the goal is to heal the injury, not continue to work, further injuring the body. If you need to use the joint, consider using a flexible support item, such as a sports wrap bandage. This can keep the area warm and supported while limiting the range of motion. Youll have less chance of causing further injury to the affected area or to overstress a new area (which can thereby injure that, a common side effect of using a brace). Get Help for the Pain Tendinitis pain can be helped in several ways, including with rest, slowing down exercises, applying ice and cold packs to the affected area, and using over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicines like ibuprofen. Tendinitis tends to fade in four to six weeks when properly healing. Getting enough sleep is also important and will help with overall health and fitness. Its equally as important to keep exercising, but any activity that will stress the affected area is to be avoided at all costs, even if the pain has stopped. Avoiding any motion that caused pain in the first place is recommended. Applying a range of motion exercises, like gently moving the joint through its full range of motion, also helps to prevent stiffness and strengthen the muscle around it.
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Reading Notes on Robert Frost’s Poem “Nothing Gold Can Stayâ€Â
Reading Notes on Robert Frost’s Poem â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay†Robert Frost wrote a number of long narrative poems like â€Å"The Death of the Hired Man,†and most of his best-known poems are medium-length, like his sonnets â€Å"Mowing†and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night,†or his two most famous poems, both written in four stanzas, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†and â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.†But some of his most beloved poems are famously brief lyrics- like â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay,†which is condensed into only eight lines of three beats each (iambic trimeter), four little rhyming couplets containing the whole cycle of life, an entire philosophy. Double Entendreâ€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay†achieves its perfect brevity by making every word count, with a richness of meanings. At first, you think it’s a simple poem about the natural life cycle of a tree: â€Å"Nature’s first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.†But the very mention of â€Å"gold†expands beyond the forest to human commerce, to the symbolism of wealth and the philosophy of value. Then the second couplet seems to return to a more conventional poetic statement about the transience of life and beauty: â€Å"Her early leaf’s a flower;But only so an hour.†But immediately after that, we realize that Frost is playing with the multiple meanings of these simple, mostly single syllable words- else why would he repeat â€Å"leaf†like he’s ringing a bell? â€Å"Leaf†echoes with its many meanings- leaves of paper, leafing through a book, the color leaf green, leafing out as an action, as budding forth, time passing as the pages of the calendar turn... â€Å"Then leaf subsides to leaf.†From Naturalist to PhilosopherAs the Friends of Robert Frost at the Robert Frost Stone House Museum in Vermont point out, the description of colors in the first lines of this poem is a literal depiction of the spring budding of willow and maple trees, whose leaf buds appear very briefly as golden-colored before they mature to the green of actual leaves. Yet in the sixth line, Frost makes it explicit that his poem carries the double meaning of allegory: â€Å"So Eden sank to grief,So dawn goes down to day.†He is retelling the history of the world here, how the first sparkle of any new life, the first blush of the birth of mankind, the first golden light of any new day always fades, subsidies, sinks, goes down. â€Å"Nothing gold can stay.†Frost has been describing spring, but by speaking of Eden he brings fall, and the fall of man, to mind without even using the word. That’s why we chose to include this poem in our seasonal collection of poems for autumn rather than spring.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Border security issues (week 1) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Border security issues (week 1) - Essay Example Such sense of loyalty is the reason that contributes to people’s desire to manipulate the impression they want from others. There are a few advantages that come from exposing a friend or family member of actions that seem morally wrong. For example, if a wife discovers that her husband sexually abuses one of their children, she may find this an extremely difficult choice make, whether to report him to the police or not. Exposing such an offender to the authorities would be the right thing to do for her children because failure to do it could lead to another assault. A friend who exposes his or her friend for bullying others provides a clear step towards eliminating other bullies in schools or societies. Under the law, a parent has the duty to protect the children. The court may view it as a crime when a parent fails to take reasonable steps to protect the children. The advantage of exposing the offender in both cases is that the party reporting is not liable for the crime. Exposing a person on the wrong also provides the person who reported with a sense of control of the situation. The problem with exposing a friend or a family member of their wrong doing is that it is traumatizing for cases where there is a victim involved in an assault. In cases where the report needs to go to a trial, a lot of information comes out and both parties may not want confidential matters becoming a public matter. Exposing a person who has committed a wrong does not necessarily mean that the person gets punished or in other cases sued (Richards & Swanger, 2006). It is frustrating to see that no one may respond to the problem as one
Friday, November 1, 2019
Lens essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1
Lens - Essay Example Using Kant’s deontology, an analysis of the actions of Mackenzie and Elena reveals that Mackenzie merely concerned about consequences that are not recommended while Elena made her decision correct from a sense of duty. There exists a dilemma on whether this issue should be forwarded to the council or the matter should just be ignored. When people are making decision, stakeholders must be considered. In the case, all sororities are stakeholders because fairness is not existed when one small group break the rules. Furthermore, those recruits are also stakeholders given that they have additional interaction with people in sororities. In the view of Mackenzie, she might just care about her own advantage, but from the perspective of Elena, she considered most of stakeholders’ benefits include herself. Kant explains: â€Å"One ought only to act such that the principle of one’s act could become a universal law of human action in a world in which one would hope to liveà ¢â‚¬ (13). Ethical dilemmas exist at workplace especially because most of them happen to our dear friends. Mackenzie is in a dilemma on whether to reject the whole recruitment process just because a few of the interviewee’s ignored the basic rule. Although it seems like a tedious and troublesome process it is the right channel that must be followed. The rules said that in order to have a fair process for everyone, sorority members had to stay indoors to avoid mixing with the rest. This is the rule and for Mackenzie to be fair and just to the rest of the sorority members she has abandon the recruitment process and report the matter to the recruiting council although it is not her fault and she has not broken any rule. By doing this she will also be showing her loyalty to the company. Elena on the other hand is right and she had made the right decision by advising Mackenzie to abandon the recruitment
Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Mobile marketing is more effective than e-mail marketing Essay
Mobile marketing is more effective than e-mail marketing - Essay Example The researcher states that this era is known as the era of information technology in view of the fact that the innovations brought by the information technology have not only modernized the ways businesses and individuals carry out their tasks but also improved the living standards. With the emergence of the Internet, the majority of people started using it for email and communication purposes. But soon it was replaced with mobile technology. Now the majority of people use mobile phones to complete their daily tasks. Seeing the increasing interest of people in mobile technology, business marketers have started using it for marketing and promotion of business contents. Mobile marketing is a process through which traditional marketing activities are carried out using a mobile phone. Basically, the mobile marketing is the process of using mobile phones to provide customers with location and time specific, custom-made information, which promotes goods, services, and ideas. However, the q uestion is that in this technology based era how effective is mobile marketing. This paper presents a comparison of mobile and email marketing strategies. The basic purpose of this research is to prove the claim that mobile marketing is more effective than email marketing. According to Roach, the current position and modern characteristics of the mobile technology as a one-to-one communication device define that mobile marketing is evocative of an inventive kind of direct marketing. Up till now many researchers have carried out extensive research to determine the factors which have an effect on consumer acceptance of marketing contents distributed through mobile marketing. In addition, various researchers such as (Barnes and Scornavacca), (Barwise and Strong) and Leppaniemi and Karjaluoto) discuss similar ideas. Additionally, their research is based on three key components: first of all there is a need to see that the user has given their approval to take delivery of marketing conte nts to their mobile phone; the level of authority the service provider maintains throughout the transaction, and the level to which the mobile user has trust on the brand being marketed. In the same way, (TRAPPEY and WOODSIDE) and (Merisavo, Kajalo and Karjaluoto) also discuss the features and elements of the marketing material and distribution. They have discussed various factors driving the consumer's level of acceptability (Merisavo, Kajalo and Karjaluoto) and (TRAPPEY and WOODSIDE). On the other hand, thus far, there has been little research committed to discovering the characteristics of this medium, and whether they have an effect on a customers’ decision to agree to or refuse marketing communications delivered straightforwardly to their mobile phone (Roach). Research Methodology This research will be based on the qualitative research methodology. For this purpose, I will collect data from academic journals, marketing books, newspapers and online promotional material in an attempt to support my research. I will analyze some of basic aspects that demonstrate superiority of mobile marketing methods for business promotion. This research will qualitatively assess some of the major aspects to prove how mobile marketing is more efficient than email marketing. Results and Discussion The one of the major problems with trying to reach customers through email is that the majority of business organizations had already made use of this strategy that it can without doubt be considered as spam by the target customers. In this scenario, mobile advertising and mobile marketing are a brilliant way to reach customers, in particular when business
Sunday, October 27, 2019
The Need For Depository Systems In India
The Need For Depository Systems In India With the existence of 23 recognized stock exchanges, Indian capital market has been witnessing rapid growth in recent past. However, this growth has not matched with supporting infrastructure to handle the growing volume of paper that has flooded the market choking and existing system. This has caused problems like delay in transfer, long settlement periods, bad deliveries etc. With the view to globalize Indian capital market in a real sense, the government of India has initiated a number of financial reforms that were initiated in 1991 as part of the structured reforms comprising industrial de-regulation, privatization and globalization. A thigh committee on financial system with Sh. Narsihma Rao as the chairman has set up in 1991, which made for reaching recommendations for banking sector and non-banking financial sector to improve the flexibility and operational efficiency of the markets. Securities Exchange Board of India, Reserve Bank of India, Department of Company Affairs and Ministry of Finance are the important regulatory bodies of the capital market measuring the effective and efficient functioning of the market. SEBI also constituted a number of committees such as G.S. Patel Committee to review the system of carry forward transactions in the stock exchanges, Malegram Committee to review the disclosure practices of companies in primary market, Bhave committee to examine problems pertaining to transport shares. The earlier system, a paper based mode, entails cumbersome legal formalities for the purpose of transfer of securities and settlement of transaction theorem. The earlier system suffered from the following shortcomings, thereby arising the need for depository system, these are Lack of supporting infrastructure, Problems in transactions, Delayed settlements, Soaring costs of transaction, Transactions end up as bad deliveries due to faulty compliance of paper work, mismatch of signatures on transfer deeds with specimen record of the issuer, Theft, mutilation of certificates and other irregularities. The modern system i.e. depository system is the system whereby the transfer and settlement of scrips take place not through transfer deeds and physical delivery of scrips which are traditional but through the modern system of effecting transfer of ownership of securities by means of book entry on the ledgers of the depository without physical movement of scrips. History of stock exchanges The Indian stock markets are nearly 128 years old, with the Bombay stock exchange, the oldest of them functioning since 1875. At present there are 23 recognized stock exchanges. Stock exchanges are the most perfect type of market for securities whether of government and semi-government bodies or other public bodies as also for shares purchases and sales of shares are made in the conditions of the competitions. The bargains that are struck in the trading ring by the members of the stock exchanges are at the fairest prices determined by the basic laws of supply and demand. Development in the capital market The reforms for Indian capital market is mainly focused on market regulation, primary market functioning, secondary markets trading, development of a proper debt securities trading market, development of a derivatives market (futures and options), development of an integrated national market system, technological investment in exchanges, investor protection and more foreign portfolio investment in exchanges. SEBI, the regulatory body of the capital market, has been taking various steps and has introduced various guidelines for the efficient functioning of the market and has also constituted various committees to review the existing system and suggestions for further reforms. Deficiencies in the existing system of Scrips Transfer The existing system, a paper based mode, entails cumbersome legal formalities as per section 108 of Indian Companies Act, 1956, for the purpose for transfer of securities and settlement of transaction there on. The present system suffers from the following shortcomings, thereby arising the need for depository system, these are: Lack of supporting Infrastructure Problem in transactions Global Imperatives Problems in dealing with Securities Greater mobility of Securities Cumbersome legal system Need for depository system Indian capital market has been witnessing rapid growth in recent past. However, this growth has not watched with supporting infrastructure to handle the growing volume of paper that has flooded the market, choking our existing system. This has caused problems like delay in transfers, long settlement period, high levels of failed trade and bad deliveries, high-risk exposure etc. These characteristics were normally the attributes of an under developed market. As the market grows, there is need for better system to ensure that such impediment to growth is removed. The foreign investors seeking to invest in India are also apprehensive about the reliability of the post trade settlement mechanism used in India. The biggest deterrent or bottleneck in Indian capital market was largely manual and paper based settlement system that was obsolete for a rapidly growing market. Since 1992, old trading system in Indian stock exchanges has been under constant review. The main deficiencies have been identified in 2 broad areas: The clearing and settlement system in stock exchanges whereby delivery of shares by the seller and payment by the purchaser is made and Procedure for transfer of shares in the name of the purchaser by the company. The new system has eliminated paper work, facilitated electronic book entry of the transfer of securities, permitted automatic and transparent screen based trading in securities, shorter settlement periods and improved liquidity in investment in securities. All this has given impetus to the growth of the capital market in India. The transactions in a stock exchange, earlier involved physical movement of paper (the share certificate) which first changed hand from the seller to buyer on payment of price and subsequently was sent to the company (issuer of the share) for the change of the ownership of the shares to be incorporated in the books of the company. The process of verification of the ownership of the seller and hence validity of the sale took a long time, disabling the purchaser from the selling the shares further while the shares were being transferred in his or her name. Though section 113 of the Companies Act, 1956, stipulates that the company effects the transfer within 2 m onths. In reality transferring shares in ones name took longer. This delay reduced the liquidity of the investor, as during these times, he/she cannot sell the shares. This has proved particularly inconvenient for large investors for whom fast transfers were essential to maintain the liquidity. Apart from this, physical movement of shares also meant the possibility of theft and loss of shares in transit. The magnitude of the problem has increased manifold as the daily turnover in stock exchange has increased considerably. The average daily turnover of BSE itself amounts to Rs. 500 crores with shares of more than 7500 companies, being traded by more than 650 brokers for more than 30 million investors in the country. This has necessitated the use of better and faster transfer system like computerized records as compared to the physical paper (security) Emergence of Depositories There are two depositories that have emerged in India: National Securities Depositories Limited The Honourable Union Finance Minister, Shri. P. Chidambram inaugurated NSDL as the first depository in the country on Nov 8, 1996. It has been promoted by three premier institutions in India the largest mutual fund UTI, the largest stock exchange NSE of India Ltd. Subsequently, the State Bank of India, the largest commercial bank in India has also taken up a stake in NSDL. NSDL provides for electronic ownership, holding and transfer of securities trading in electronic securities on the NSE commenced in Dec, 96 and the first settlement of transactions in electronic securities was successfully completed at NSDL on Jan 7, 1997. The stock exchange Mumbai BSE also extended the facility of trading in electronic securities from December 27, 1997. NSDL is responsible to every individual to every individual investor who holds electronic balances with the depository. The depository participant acts as an agent of NSDL for providing its services to the investors. NSDL has designed the software for the operating systems in such a way that the software systems at the depository participant office are connected. Thus, a highly integrated set up for maintenance of investor accounts through the DPs has been developed and implemented. NSDL has access to all the accounts of individual maintained by the DPs to ensure adequate control. The operating system of NSDL also maintains continuous electronic connectivity with the registrar and transfer departments/agents of the companies whose securities can be dematerialized in NSDL. To all the investors both retail and institutional, NSDL offers the following services: Maintain beneficial holdings through depository participants. Provide for dematerialization and Rematerialisation of securities Dematerialization Rematerialisation Effect account transfers for settlement of trades Allow for receipt of allotment in the electric form Providing pledging, hypothecation facilities for stocks held with it. Receive and disburse corporate actions (only securities) Central Depositories Services Limited This is the second depository after NSDL. This inter connectivity will be established prior to the commencement of business by CDSL. This will facilitate settlement and movement of assets and custody from one depository to another. CDSL has been promoted by the Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE), in association with Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, HDFC Bank and Stare Bank of India. It has been able to tie up with as many as 35 brokers till now. CDSL and NSDL both have signed a MoU for inter-depository connectivity on 23rd April 1999. The MoU covers the understanding between the depositories for inter-depository transfers arising out of transactions not settled through the CH/CC (off market). The procedure for inter-depository transfers between CDSL and NSDL arising out of transactions settled through a CH/CH (on market) are expected to be finalized separately. The Depositories Act, 1996 The Depositories Act makes a provision for the setting up of multiple depositories in India. The investor has been granted the option of holding securities in a physical or dematerialized from. Thus it is a matter of choice for the investor as to whether he wants to avail of depository services. The depository has been entrusted with the responsibility of indemnifying beneficial owners for any loss caused due to negligence of the depository or its participants. For holding securities in the depository, the two routes that are adopted by depositories world over as: Immobilization In this the depository holds the securities in the physical form in its own vaults, but transfer of securities takes place through book entries. Dematerialization In this the securities in physical form are shredded and corresponding credit is made in the form of electronic balances that are maintained in the depository account. The concept of a depository has made a late entry into our country so we are fortunate to have the advantage o hindsight gained from the experience of other depositories the world over as well as adopting the latest technology. Thus, the law in our country has preferred the demat route. The demat securities will be identical and interchangeable as they will not have any unique characteristics such as distinctive number of folio. The depository will facilitate dematerialization of securities. The investor has the option of holding securities in the physical form or in the depository form. He can choose not to opt for depository system by requesting issue of physical certificates. The depository will, thus provide for Rematerialisation. All rights with respect to the securities held in the depository will be with the beneficial owner (investor) and not with the depository, the depository acting as the registered owner only. When transacting through a depository, the investor will not be required to pay stamp duty on transfer of shares within the depository. The depository will interface with the investors through market intermediaries called DPs. The depository will hold beneficial owner the level in formation through its network of DPs. The depository is obliged to provide this information to the issuer company or its registrar and transfer agent at regular intervals. This will facilitate proper distribution of benefits arising out of the investors holdings such as dividend, interest, bonus and rights as on a given record date by the issuer company or its registrar and transfer agent. The SEBI Regulations, 1996 Based on the depositories ordinance, SEBI has notified regulations on 16th May 1996, which specify the norms for functioning and operations of depositories. The depository system is very similar to banking environment. Thus, while a bank performs the function of holding, transferring and allowing withdrawal of funds, a depository performs the function of holding, transferring and allowing withdrawal of securities. A bank reaches out to the masses by setting up its branches. Similarly, a depository reaches out to the general investor through its agents that are the DPs. The regulations have selected various categories of market participants, who are eligible to become DPs and have a well-established customer interface network and are therefore the ideal choice to become the agents of a depository. The categories are: Public Financial Institutions Scheduled Banks RBI approved Foreign Banks operating in India. State Financial Corporations Certified custodians of securities Clearing corporations of stock exchanges Registered stock brokers Non-Banking Financial Companies. Entities desiring to become DPs must apply to the depository and are required to be recommended to SEBI by the depository. If approved and registered by the SEBI, the DP can be admitted on to the depository. The depository has to formulate its own set of criteria for selection of participants. The regulations require the depository to list out through its byelaws the securities, which are eligible to be admitted to depository for dematerialization. Equity shares, debentures, warrant, bonds, units of mutual funds etc. are part of list of eligible securities. The depository is empowered to set its own criteria for selection of securities and make securities eligible to be maintained in the form of electronic holdings on the holdings of the depository. Agreements should be entered into by the following entities: Depository and every participant Participant and every client Depository, issuer company and the registrar The drafts of these agreements are to be included in the byelaws and to be approved by SEBI. It is important that participants are connected to the depository through a continuous electronic communication system. The same is true for registrars or corporates communicating with the depository. In addition, for enabling settlements of securities, the depository is also to be connected electronically to clearing entities. This imposes the need for automatic data processing systems with necessary security features and forms one of the criteria for selecting securities for dematerialization. The depository required to ensure that sufficient safeguards are there to protect the data available with it and with the participants. To reduce risk in operations, the regulations stipulate that the depository and DPs must provide for, adequate insurance cover as well. Since the depository acts as the source of information for the registrar in terms of providing beneficial ownership details, the depository has to reconcile data internally with the participants to ensure validity of data. The regulations require this reconciliation to be carried out on a daily basis. Further the depositories and the registrar will also reconcile balances on a daily basis and periodic basis. SHOWING THE DEPOSITORY INTERFACE WITH THE INVESTOR AND THEIR BUSINESS PARTNERS NSDL ISSUER RT AGENT CLEARING HOUSE CLEARING MEMBER DEPOSITORY PARTICIPANT STOCK EXCHANGE TRADING MEMBER INVESTOR NSDL is electronically linked to its DPs, the RT department of the issuer co. and the clearing corporation/ clearing house of the stock exchange. This is done in order to facilitate the settlement of trades and to perform a dealing reconciliation of all the accounts balances with NSDL. The entire system is called the NEST (National Electronic Settlement Transfer) system. Thus a higher integrated set up for maintenance of investor accounts has been developed and implemented. Constituents of Depository System Depository Depository Participant Beneficial Owner Issuer Benefits/Advantages of Depository System Benefits of depository system are: To the Nation Growing and more liquid capital markets to provide financing and development stemming from more efficient post trade systems with reduced transactions costs. Increase in competitiveness in the International market place and attracting investors and fund managers by complying with stipulated international standard for and efficient and risk free trading environment. Improved prospects for privatization of public sector units by creating a conducting environment. Restoration of faith in the capital market on the participants with system to minimize settlement risk and frauds. Considerable reduction in the delay in registration which can currently impact trading. To the Investing Public Reduction of risks associated with loss, mutilations, theft and forgery or physical scrips. Elimination of financial loss owing to loss of physical scrips. Greater liquidity from speedier settlements and reduction in delays in registration. Faster receipt benefit and rights resulting from corporate action. Improved production of shareholder rights resulting from more timely communication from the issuers. Reduced transactions costs through greater efficiency. To issuer Upto date knowledge of shareholders names and addresses. Savings in costs of new issuers from reduction in printing and distribution costs. Increase in efficiency of registrars and transfer agent functions Better facilities for communication with shareholders conveying benefits of corporate actions and information notices. Improved ability to attract international investors without having to incur the expenditure of issuance in overseas market. Objectives of the study To know the perception and viewpoint of the investors regarding depository system. To know the satisfaction level of investors regarding depository services. Related Researches Alton (1994) found the principles of converting shares into dematerialized form. He also commented that with a grand start the concept of demat of shares in Indian Market is all pervasive and set to conquer the stock market. George (1996) studied the growth and the dematerialization of products and found that the concept of dematerialization is coming at a very fast pace. Kumar (1998) studied the advantages of dematerialization and opening of Demat account. He also compared the effect on trading of shares of the companies have dematerialized their shares and who have not dematerialized their shares. Mittal (1998) presented an extensive information on dematerialization of shares, their advantages, investor grievances and insurance aspect related to dematerialized shares and found that a very large potential of dematerialization of shares exists in the Indian Market. Cholamandalam (1998) conducted research on requirements to be fulfilled by a company to get its shares listed at a depository so that they can be easily dealt in dematerialized form. Hughes India Limited (1999) conducted a research to study the benefits and drawbacks, which are to be borne in mind by company that is planning to dematerialize its shares and get them registered with NSDL. Law (1999) in his article Depository Revolution has discussed that depository is not just removing fake shares and bad deliveries from the capital market but to prove a great catalyst for reform. The depository is a reality today. The concept of depository is set to revolutionize trading practices, reduce transaction costs and increase investor safety. Kumar (1998) in his Article Demat trading simpler the better has shed light on the different fees structure charged by NSDL from depository participants and by depository participants from the investors. NSDL charges nominal fees under three heads i.e. transaction fees in case of purchases, custody fees and rematerialisation fees. Gajra (1999) in his article Claim your rights has provided us the useful information that the investors get the compensation or the loss due to the depository participants mistake. The investors for protecting their return should give debit instruction to their DPs for sale at least a day or two before settlement day. Then the investor has to look for an instruction carried out properly. If he failed to get it, then he should approach NSDL, for arbitration. DPs are personally liable for their losses. This article was given in regard when SCHIL, one of the largest DPs failed to transmit instructions of its investor-clients to NSDL on time before settlement pay in. Saikia (1999) in his article Compulsory demat within a year has shed light on the views expressed by Ministry of Finance that one year has been set in adopting the full demat route for primary and secondary market shares. Research Methodology The study is based on descriptive research design. The primary data was collected and used for the research purpose. Primary data was collected by survey with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered by the personal interview i.e. questions were asked from the respondents in a face-to-face meeting and the study was conducted with the help of pre-structured non-disguised questionnaire. Respondents were interviewed with the help of structured questionnaire. An investor residing and availing Depository Services in Ludhiana was taken as a sample. In the present study, non-probability sampling technique i.e. convenience sampling is used to collect the sample. Here in the study, population consists of all the investors of Ludhiana and a sample of investors have been taken from it. It is a convenience sampling because the respondent investors are chosen from those who happened to visit the office of a particular broker and the brokers themselves. The respondents were interviewed with a structural questionnaire by the researcher. A smaller sample but well selected sample may be superior to a larger but badly selected sample. A total of 100 respondents were selected from the city for the study. Investors ranked various advantages of depository. Rank was determined by computing the weighted average i.e. 4 points were attached to rank first, 3 points to rank second, 2 points to rank third and 1 point to rank fourth. Then for calculating ranks for various advantages, points allotted by investors were added and divided by 100 i.e. sample size. The advantage with the highest weighted average was ranked first and the advantage with the lowest weighted average was ranked fourth i.e. last. Similarly, the investors ranked problems faced by investors in depository system. Weighted average method was used. For rating the satisfaction level regarding depository services and the investors view point regarding depository system, weighted average method as well as factor analysis were used. The points were given as such. For highly satisfied +2, for satisfied +1, for indifferent 0, for dissatisfied -1 and for highly dissatisfied -2. Results of the Study Respondents Profile As per the study, majority respondents were professional i.e. 33% such as C.As, MBAs and C.S., where as 22% were post-graduates and the remaining 45% were graduates. The study found that majority of the investors i.e. 46% belonged to age group 30 or less than 40. 18% of the investors were belonging to age group 20 or less than 30, 26% of the investors were belonging to the age group 40 or less than 50 and 10% of the investors belong to the age group 50 or more. As per the study majority of the respondents i.e. 44% of the investors were found operating in the capital markets for 6 years or more. Whereas 29% of the investors have been operating for 4 years of less than 6 years, 18% have been operating for 2 years or less than 4 years and the remaining 9% have been operating for less than 2 years. As per the study, majority of the respondents had opened their demat accounts in year 2000 and 1999. The Different Sources Of Information From Where The Investors Came To Know About The Depository System. Sources of Information No. Of Investors Percentage Brokers 42 42 Friends 6 6 Newspapers Magazines 36 36 T.V. Programmes 2 2 Others 14 14 Total 100 100 As per the study, majority respondents had brokers, newspapers and magazines as the best source of information regarding depository system. The Depository Participants With Whom The Investors Had Opened Up Their Demat Account Depository Participants No. Of Investors Percentage SHCIL 30 30 Master Capital 22 22 LSE Securities 16 16 Karvy Consultants 18 18 Others 14 14 Total 100 100 The study revealed that Majority participants had opened their accounts with Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited followed by Master Capital, Karvy Consultants, LSE Securities and other depositary participants. The Reasons For Opening Demat Account With Particular DP By The Investor The respondents were asked to tick the various factors being considered for opening demat account with a particular DP. Reasons Percentage Nearness to location 15 Fast transaction 30 Infrastructure Facility 25 Good client dealing 15 Goodwill of the Organization 10 Others 05 Total 100 As per the study, the major factor contributing in selecting the depository was Fast Transaction followed by other factors such as Availability of Proper Infrastructure, Client Dealing, Goodwill of the organization, approachability etc. The Ranking Given By The Investors To Various Advantages Of Depository System Advantages Mean Scores Ranking No scope for any risk of loss, theft or fraud regarding share certificates 1.32 1 Investment is highly liquid 1.96 2 No stamp duty 3.9 4 Bad deliveries are almost eliminated 2.82 3 The study found that majority of the investors were of the view that the depository system would overcome the chances of loss, theft or fraud as a first advantage followed by other such as liquid investments, elimination of bad deliveries and absence of stamp duties. The Ranks Being Given By Investors To Different Problems Of Depository Services. Problems Mean Scores Ranking Not fully aware of the mechanism 3.64 4 Fear of enquiries from Income Tax Department 2.45 3 Increase in transactions costs 2.27 2 Difficulty in maintaining accounts 2.25 1 Increased paper work 4.39 5 As per the study the investors thought maintenance of accounts as a major problem of Depository System and ranked it at first place. The study highlighted the other problems such as increase in the cost of transaction, fear of enquiries from Income Tax Department, not full awareness about the system and increased paper work. Satisfaction Level Of The Investors Regarding Depository Services Attributes Mean Scores Satisfaction Level Dealing of DPs 1.6 Highly Satisfied Fees structure of DPs 0.94 Satisfied Service time of DPs 0.32 Indifferent Infrastructure Facilities of DPs 0.97 Satisfied Dematerialization/Rematerialisation procedure 1.14 Satisfied The study found that the investors were highly satisfied with dealing of Depository participants and satisfied from other services such as fee structure, infrastructure facilties and demateralisation/rematerialisation procedures. However, many of the respondents were found indifferent from service timings of DPs. The Investors View Regarding The Different Factors Of Depository Services Sr. No. Factors Mean Scores View Point 1 More transparency in depository system 2 Strongly Agree 2 Fear of losing physical possession of share certificates -1.36 Disagree 3 More cost involved in opening, maintaining and closing of demat account 1.05 Agree 4 Manipulation done by DPs and Brokers -0.02 Indifferent 5 Burden on small investor has been increased 0.21 Indifferent 6 Cost of Depository System matches with the revenues from it 1.22 Agree 7 Demat process is a lengthy one 1.14 Agree 8 Business for brokers has been increased 1.58 Strongly Agree 9 Need of single Depository 0.02 Indifferent 10 Demat has a bright future
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